Principles of Effective Writing F.L. Lucas on Style

A number of students and business professionals alike struggle with the concept of how to write effectively. Expressing oneself through the written word can, indeed, be a challenge. In fact, after 40 years as a professor of English at Cambridge University, Frank Laurence Lucas concluded that teaching people how to write  well  is impossible. To write really well is a gift inborn; those who have it teach themselves, he said, though also added, one can sometimes teach them to write rather  better   instead. In his 1955 book, Style, Lucas attempted to do just that and shorten that painful process of learning how to write better. Joseph Epstein wrote in The New Criterion that F.L. Lucas wrote the best book  on  prose  composition  for the not-so-simple reason that, in the modern era, he was the smartest, most cultivated man to turn his energies to the task. The following 10 principles of writing better were laid out in this same book.   Brevity, Clarity, and Communication Lucas posits that it is rude to waste the readers time, therefore brevity must always come before clarity. To be concise with ones words, especially in writing, should be taken as a virtue. Inversely, it is also rude to give readers needless trouble, therefore clarity  should be considered next. In order to achieve this, Lucas claims one must allow his or her writing to serve the people rather than impress them, taking trouble with word choice and audiences understanding in order to more succinctly express oneself. In terms of the social purpose of language, Lucas claims  communication  is at the center of the writers pursuit in any composition — to inform, misinform or otherwise influence our peers through our use of language, style, and usage. For Lucas, communication is more difficult than we may think. We are all serving life sentences of solitary confinement within our bodies; like prisoners, we have, as it were, to tap in an awkward code to our fellow men in their neighboring cells. He further claims a degradation of the written word in modern times, likening the tendency to replace communication with private maundering to oneself  to drugging an audience with laced tobacco. Emphasis, Honesty, Passion, and Control Just as the art of war largely consists of deploying the strongest forces at the most important points, so the art of writing depends largely on putting the strongest words in the most important places, making style  and  word order  paramount to emphasizing the written word effective. For us, the most emphatic place in a clause or sentence is the end. This is the climax; and, during the momentary pause that follows, that last word continues, as it were, to reverberate in the reader’s mind. Mastering this art allows the writer to structure a flow to the conversation of writing, to move the reader with ease.   To further garner their trust and make for better writing overall Lucas claims honesty is key. As the police put it, anything you say may be used as evidence against you. If handwriting reveals character, writing reveals it still more. In this, you cannot fool all your judges all the time. Therefore Lucas posits that Most style is not honest enough. A writer may take to long words, as young men to beards — to impress. But long words, like long beards, are often the badge of charlatans. Conversely, a writer may only write about the obscure, cultivating the strange to seem profound, but as he puts it even carefully muddied puddles are soon fathomed. Eccentricity then does not dictate originality, rather an original idea and person can no more help being so that they can help breathing. Theres no need, as the saying goes, for them to dye their hair green.   From this honesty, passion, and control thereof must be applied to achieve the perfect balance of decent writing. One of the eternal  paradoxes of both life and literature — that without passion little gets done; yet, without control of that passion, its effects are largely ill or null. Similarly in writing, one must abstain from unbridled rants (keeping it concise) of things that fascinate you and instead control and channel that passion into succinct, honest prose.   Reading, Revision and the Nuances of Writing As many other great creative writing teachers will tell you, the truly best way to become a better writer is by  reading good books, as one learns to talk by hearing good talkers. If you find yourself fascinated by a type of writing and aspire to imitate that style, do just that. By practicing in the style of your favorite authors, your own personal voice adheres closer to that style you want to achieve, often creating a hybrid between your unique style and that which you imitate. These nuances in writing become especially important for the writer as he approaches the end of the writing process: revision. It helps to remember that the sophisticated do not necessarily express them better than the simple, nor can the opposite always be said to be true — essentially a balance of sophistication and simplicity makes for dynamic work. Further, apart from a few simple principles, the sound and  rhythm  of English prose seem to matters where both writers and readers should trust not so much to rules as to their ears.   With these nuanced principles in mind, the writer should then consider revising any work completed (because a work is never truly completed the first time around).  Revision is like every authors fairy godmother — granting the ability of the writer to go back and gussy up sloppy, unclear prose, to control some of the passion spilling onto the page and to eliminate superfluous words meant only to impress. Lucas concluded his discussion of style by quoting the 18th-century Dutch writer Madame de Charrià ¨re: Have ideas that are clear, and expressions that are simple. Neglecting that bit of advice, Lucas said, is responsible for more than half the bad writing in the world.

The Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe - 1451 Words

Packed with patriarchal superiority, Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart focuses on protagonist Okonkwo and his desire to live his life as a strong, masculine figure with a title worth showing off. This Nigerian novel provides an inside view of the oppression women faced in nineteenth century Igbo culture and the lengths to which men were willing to go to avoid appearing feminine. Criticizing Achebe’s novel through a feminist lens makes abundantly clear the unbalanced relationship between the sexes in the western African nation. Things Fall Apart showcases the accepted cultural norm of viewing women as inferior in society by judging feminine qualities to be of less worth than masculine qualities, treating women as property to be done with as the males see fit, and forcing women to live in fear of being heavily abused if they do not follow the commands of their husbands. Igbo culture traditionally saw women as being weaker and less capable of many tasks than men, as is highlighted in both Things Fall Apart and an essay analyzing the issues of gender politics in Achebe’s novel by Harvard University Professor of African and African American Studies and of Comparative Literature Biodun Jeyifo. In his essay Okonkwo and His Mother: Things Fall Apart and Issues of Gender in the Constitution of African Postcolonial Discourse Jeyifo addresses the idea that: Okonkwo s representation of ‘femaleness’ as weakness and irresoluteness seems to have validation in the system of division ofShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesassume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other

Analyze strategy of Starbucks Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analyze strategy of Starbucks. Answer: Introduction This paper discusses the strategy of Starbucks Inc and analyzes how these strategies are modeled to help the company achieve its goals and objectives. The paper analyzes the growth strategy of Starbucks, its marketing and communication strategy as well as market segmentation. An analysis of the financial performance of the company is also done in this paper. Starbucks` strategy Starbucks strategy is anchored around future growth by growing the number of stores across various geographical regions. Starbucks is concentrating on increasing he number of stores especially in Asia Pacific and middle East. The strategy of the company also involves elevating the coffee experience of customers and hence improving customer satisfaction. Driving at home coffee and share occasion strategy will help to diversify and increase the brands product portfolio and hence fueling growth. How is competing for Starbucks Competition for Starbucks is stiff but the company has a strong brand that helps it to be competitive and it has helped the company to maintain its market leadership position(McGee, 89). Some of the main competitors for Starbucks include Dunkin` Donuts and McDonald`s. Competition from substitute drinks such as Soda is also high. Where is competing Competition for Starbucks is widely spread in all regions that the company operates. Competition is very intense in Europe and US. The company differentiates products depending on the market and the type and level of competition. Types of competitive advantage experienced by Starbucks There are two types of competitive advantage; Cost competitive advantage involves a company competing in the market by minimizing cost and hence offering goods and services at lower prices compared to their of the competitor. Differentiation strategy involves a company exploiting its ability to differentiate products and services and hence help the company become more competitive than other players in the industry (Jeyarathmm, 134). The cost may remain high but products offered are unique and hence customers will be attracted to the company. Market segmentation Starbucks segments its market based on a variety of factors. These aspects include; Geographic market segmentation- Starbucks divides its market depending on the geographic location of outlets. This is done according to the continent in which the company is operating. Demographic segmentation- Demographic factors such as gender and age are used by Starbucks when developing products e.g there are special products made for kids. Market positioning Starbucks has positioned itself as the premium and classic coffee outlet globally that focuses on optimizing consumer experiencing and satisfying the needs and desires of customers. Starbucks puts a lot of emphasize on customer experience and this has been instrumental to the company maintaining its strong brand and market position (Strategic Marketing Management,9-76). Vertical scope Starbucks is not vertically integrated. The company specializes in coffee retail through its various outlets in different locations. Starbucks does not engage in coffee production but it monitors the quality of coffee beans which are processed to become the coffee that it offers customers (Hitt, 17-56). Geographical scope Starbucks operates globally. It opens stores in all continents globally depending on market analysis and the forecast demand in a particular market. Starbucks strategy is to reach as many potential customers globally as possible and hence help it meet the goal of serving the world Starbucks coffee (Petit,47 ). Product scope Starbucks has a wide products portfolio. Starbucks main product is coffee and tea but both products are highly differentiated to cater for the tastes and preferences of different customers. There are more than 30 blends of coffee and a single-origin premium coffee (David and David 405-417) . Ready to drink beverages are also a popular product of Starbucks. The other products offered by Starbucks include; Handcrafted beverages, merchandise and fresh food. Performance of Starbucks for the year 2016 For the financial year ended October 2016 Starbucks recorded an operating income of $4.2billion. This is an increase of 16% from the previous years operating income. The growth in income of the company can be attributed to the expansion of the company by opening more stores globally. The sales in Americas also increased by 11% and growth in the Chinese market were very encouraging. The global sales for the year 2016 increased by 4%. The revenue for Starbucks in the year 2016 was recorded at 21.32 billion US dollars. Starbucks stocks have not been performing well recently with the stock price having decreased by 13% in August 2016. Sales growth computation for Starbucks Sales for the year 2015 were $19.2 billion. The sales grew in the following year to $21.32 billion. The following is a computation of the sales growth for the year 2016: Increase in sales= 21.32-19.2=2.12 billion Us dollars Percentage increase in Sales= (2.12/19.2)100=0.11=11% Starbucks sales growth is 11%. Return on Equity Return on equity is the amount of net income that has returned to the business calculated as a percentage of shareholder equity. This ratio is used to measure the profitability of a company by revealing the amount generated from the investments by the shareholders. It is calculated as follows: ROE=Net Income/Shareholders Equity= Net income=$2,757,400 Shareholder=$5,890,700 ROE=2,757,400/5,890,700=0.47 ROE=47% Operating margins The operating profit margin for Starbucks for the 2016 financial year is 18.47%. It is calculated by finding the operating income and dividing it by the revenue of the company. The operating income for Starbucks during this period was $4.17.The revenue for the same period id 21.31B OM=4.17/213.1=0.1847 =18.47 % Long term debt equity ratio This ratio is calculated by dividing the long term debt of the company with the equity of the company. This ratio is used to measure the long term solvency of the company and identify the balance between borrowed capital and owners equity. Long term debt=$3,202,200 Total equity=5,890,700 Debt/Equity ratio=3,202,200/5,890,700=0.5436 =54.4% Analysis of performance based on the calculations The performance of Starbucks can be analyzed from the ratios calculated using the information available concerning the company. Starbucks recorded a sales growth of 11% (Wilson, 109). This means that the company is headed in the right direction and the increase in sales especially in the Americas and China. The growth in sales is a positive for the company and it means that the strategies of the company are working. The return on Equity for Starbucks stands at 47%. This means that for every $1 of stakeholders investment, an investor gets $0.47. This return on equity is good for the investors of the company. A positive return on equity means that the company is able to generate enough profits to recoup good earnings on the investments. The operating margins for the company are also positive and it indicates good performance of the company. The debt/equity ratio of Starbucks is above 50%. This means that the company is operating using more debts than owners equity. Since the debts of the company are more than half of the capital of the business and therefore the management should focus on reducing the debt of the company since it reduces the solvency of the company. This is weakness since the cost of financing the debt may be high and become counterproductive. The arguments on the performance of Starbucks are based on information obtained from the balance sheet of the company. The income statement of the company is also in providing information that is used to access the performance of the company (Cravens and Piercy, 122). Annual audited financial statements are available on the companies` websites. Conclusion The paper analyzes the strategies that Starbucks uses to become competitive and to grow and expand in the market. The growth and expansion strategy of Starbucks is to open more outlets in different regions globally. The company is currently focusing on the China market and the Asia Pacific. Starbucks mainly segments its market geographically and demographically. Starbucks has positioned itself as a premium coffee outlet globally that offers consumers unique customer experience. References Cravens, David W, and Nigel F Piercy. Strategic Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irvin, 2013. Print. David, Meredith E., and Fred R. David. "Are Key Marketing Topics Adequately Covered In Strategic Management?."Journal of Strategic Marketing 25.5-6 (2016): 405-417. Web. Hitt, M.A. "Relevance Of Strategic Management Theory And Research For Supply Chain Management."Strategic Direction 27.7 (2011): n. pag. Web. McGee, John. Strategic Management. Chichester: Wiley, 2014. Print. Petit, Y. "Advancing Project And Portfolio Management Research: Applying Strategic Management Theories."Strategic Direction 28.9 (2012): n. pag. Web. Strategic Marketing Management. [Place of publication not identified]: Willford Pr, 2016. Print. Wilson, Richard. Strategic Marketing Management. [S.L.]: Routledge, 2017. Print.

Introduction to European Culture free essay sample

This family sees its financial difficulties deteriorating during the years. Between bankruptcy and redundancy, John Joyce obliges his family to move about fifteen times in a few years: with the father’s actions they have lost so many degrees in the social scale and continued to decrease. It is on this bottom of social decline that is made Joyce’s education. In 1888, James’ father sends him to the Jesuit middle school of Clongowes Wood and Joyce soon excels at religious education, English composition, mathematics, in the running and cricket. From this moment, and in spite of the big interest that he shows to the religion, the anticlerical jokes of his father bring him to ask themselves questions, which he brings back to us in Dedalus, on the order and the justice that embody his Jesuit teachers. The end of year 1891 is marked by new financial difficulties for John Joyce, which entails the retreat of James de Clongowes Wood. After two years, studying alone, James enters because of a favour the middle school Belvedere of Dublin, where he obtains remarkable results. At the same time, the double break with his family and with the religious education is going to become clearer and develop the young Joyce in the direction of a bigger and bigger responsibility in front of the transgression that announces as inevitable. When he was fourteen, at the same time as an unformulated questioning of its religious faith, he asserts its faith in the art. James is engaged in numerous readings and not only texts’ classic, which are so many discoveries in charge of teachings: Erckmann-Chatrian, Thomas Hardy, Meredith and especially Ibsen. During his sixteen, while he is going to enter University College of Dublin, the break with the Catholicism is consumed inside, otherwise publicly. Joyce penetrates into the literary world on the occasion of the reading, in 1900, in front of the Company of literature and history, an entitled essay the Drama and the life. Afterward, this essay can look as a manifesto; it contains a presentation of intention and method. It separates peremptorily the drama, with its intrigues pretexts to talk, that it is Greek or Shakespearean, from the literature as practice sending back to the unchanging frames of the human nature, but taking support on an individual experience which commits the real-life experience and the language of the writer. At the university, he confirms his opening on Europe, in particular towards Italy, the language of which he masters now. He reads and studies in depth Dante, D’Annunzio, Giordano Bruno, but also Thomas Mann, Tolstoi, Dostoievski, Flaubert, Nietzsche: all the authors we can read in this period. In 1902, he obtains his diploma of Bachelor of Arts; Dublin is then an intellectual center, and the literary life is there very active, maintained by W. B. Yeats, G. Moore, J. Synge, Standish O Grady, George Russell and lady Gregory. To make sure that every situation will allow him to express itself freely, Joyce decides to begin studies of medicine. Repeaters post would be necessary for him to meet the spending of these new studies. He takes pretext of a refusal of his application to proclaim that we join forces against him to silence him and, in 1902, he chooses to study in Paris. This shy exile is only a try before the total intellectual and spiritual exile that takes away him definitively from Ireland and from his aborigines (except for some rare visits, the last one in 1912). When he returns in Ireland in 1903, it’s for his mother’s death. Joyce knows then in Dublin an unstitched enough existence, which reminds his father and he begins drinking. He takes singing lessons; he borrows some money systematically to all his friends and falls out with a large number of them for diverse causes. He meets Nora Barnacle, beautiful young woman, simple and lively, who breaks her solitude; it’s with her that he decides to leave Ireland who rejects him. He has already begun to write Stephen the hero (first version of Dedalus) and publishes several novels of People of Dublin. By leaving for Zurich, James takes Ireland in his flesh and in his spirit to recreate it within a world that is going to replace the earth that it avoids. The reader who opens any of his works is confronted with an itch of bibliographic notations sending back as well to the private life of the author that in the public life of Ireland, even universe. They are not there as such, but mixed inextricably with the substance of a world of replacement: the literary object. Of Zurich, James and Nora quickly pass in Trieste. There, always put into debt, they lead a picaresque existence. It’s in opposition with the realistic illusion of XIXth century denounced by Paul Valery, against the current of the naturalistic literary production, that Joyce publishes his first papers. In all the novel of People of Dublin, life of the author child and the dublinoise life under all its aspects compose paintings where the human relationship assert themselves on a sinister mode. His chaotic and unstable life defines Joyces technical innovations in the art of the novel. It includes an extensive use of interior monologue; he used a complex network of symbolic parallels drawn from the mythology, history, and literature, and created a unique language of invented words, puns, and allusions. In a railway station in Holland, en route home to Trieste after his final trip to his homeland, Joyce writes, in 1912, this cutting satire in the voices of the Dublin publisher George Roberts and the printer, John Falconer. The publication history of Dubliners was a series of broken promises and confusion. John Falconer did print 1,000 copies of Dubliners in the summer of 1910, a year after the signed contract with Maunsel, but they were not bound or released. Two years later, after negotiations between Richards and Joyce became irretrievably bitter and public, they were destroyed. According to Joyce the 1,000 copies were burned (hence Gas from a Burner) though Richards averred that they were merely cut up and pulped. Joyce rescued one copy of his early masterpiece from destruction and never returned to Ireland. Joyces anger overcame his financial worries and he self-published this broadside in Trieste and sent copies to his brother Charles in Dublin for free distribution to his friends (and enemies) there. II. The work itself By leaning on the theoretical critical data of Aristote and Saint Thomas of Aquin, and basing his reflection on the relationship of the writer in his object, Joyce establishes a distinction between the diverse literary genres. In the lyric kind, the author and her double (his literary image) are in immediate relation; in the epic kind, the author presents his double by means of a mediation; in the dramatic kind, the double of the author appears in immediate relation with the others. It is remarkable that this progress finds itself in Joyces successive productions. The shout becomes a cadence in Chamber music, and People of Dublin is the articulation of a consciousness before any emotional. Dedalus emerges from the lyric mode of Stephen the hero. The passage of the staff in the epic takes place with Ulysses, where the emotional center of gravity is equidistant between the very artist and others. Gas from burner follows the same model as people of Dublin. The character of personal experience is marked by the use of the first person, means that selects and already organizes the elements that form Joyces realism . This pamphlet reports an initiation into the city of Dublin, during which he dashes a quest, meets the disappointment. His fascination for the words as a train is straightaway said to us. The words are not idle; they are capable of  «Ã‚  witchcraft  Ã‚ ». III. Influence of the work James Joyce had augured that his enigmatic texts would feed centuries during interpretations and experts quarrels IV. Critical review In 1915, the war forces him and his family to a new exile after eleven years spent in Trieste. Zurich, harbor for expatriates, welcomes them after a commitment of neutrality was taken with the Austrian authorities. With Ulysses’ housing start, it is the beginning of the big period of Joyces production. Chamber music was already published, People of Dublin is ended, and Stephen the hero took the definitive shape of Dedalus. According to his own expression, Joyce is above the fray. At the end of the war, Joyce’s family goes back to Trieste before joining Paris in 1920, where Joyce confronts himself at the entire Europe and America literary persons: Proust, Larbaud, Wyndham Lewis, Sherwood Anderson, Hemingway, Pound and Eliot, but none of these writers seems to influence his project. In 1922, Ulysses is published. The fame of his author is produced as well as his detractors and his adulators; comments and contradictory interpretations also contribute to it. So as it’s seen Valery Larbaud assimilating Joyce to Rabelais, while making of Ulysses a human comedy . However, this fame exceeds hardly the circle of initiated, even if it is vast. If Ulysses causes the admiration of Eliot and Hemingway, for Virginia Woolf it is the work of a boor, and Gertrude Stein sees only an intervention in his own experiences of writing there. Paul Claudel, Andre Gide and George Moore line up among his enemies. However, Joyce shook the literary consciousness of moment. But Joyce has already begun to collect the materials of Finnegans Wake, and enthusiastically, while being amazed at the finds himself, that he is going to go  «Ã‚  at the end of English  Ã‚ »   Ã‚  Ã‚  The life continues, often printed by melancholy, shared between the difficulties of publication, the worldly successes without big reality, the mental instability of his daughter Lucia, its worsening eyesight more and more, the drink, but also one obstinate labour that must result in a world history. Finnegans Wake is ended in 1939. The literary critics are taken by surprise: probably a big book , the most colossal hoax since the Ossian de Macpherson . The Second World War bursts, and, not without any trouble, the Joyce family joins Zurich, where James Joyce dies on January 13th, 1941 following the operation of a drilled duodenal ulcer.

7 Strategies for Getting a Raise

7 Strategies for Getting a Raise No one ever wrote a song about performance review time, calling it the â€Å"most wonderful tiiiiime of the year.† Nobody loves it, except maybe the most devoted members of Human Resources. It’s extra work for you, your boss, and your company. However, it’s worth it- it not only lets you know how you’re doing, but it also might net you a bonus or raise. The time to start thinking about that raise is not 10 minutes before your self-evaluation is due. Planning ahead can bring great rewards.1. Set goals  early. REALLY early.If possible, you can even set these goals  before you have the job. If you spend a lot of time discussing the skill-building and growth you expect to see in your first year in the job, it helps your new employer set a baseline for your performance. Of course, realism is the key here. If you say you’re going to increase revenue by X% and you don’t meet that, you’ve just set yourself up for failure. Instead, set your self up for success†¦ and future profit.2. Know your goalposts throughout the year.If your boss expects you’ll hit certain milestones or complete particular projects, take extra care with those- they’ll be the concrete proof of your raise-worthy year. Make sure you keep a paper trail for big projects to help remind you later what you accomplished. If you get glowing reviews from a colleague or a client, save them! You can casually bust those out during a year-end discussion, and use them to how just how valuable you are to the team. If you’re collecting data and keeping track of things all year, you won’t have to make a rushed pitch at the end of the year and risk forgetting accomplishments or projects that would make an excellent case for a raise.3. Don’t limit yourself to just your responsibilities  If your company has committees, join one. If there are employee social events, volunteer to help set up or clean up. If you see a way to provi de excellent service, but it would be a minor inconvenience to you, try to do it anyway. Things like these show that you’re willing to get your hands dirty in support of the company. You’re a team player who does what needs to be done, and doesn’t just wait around to be told what to do. If you want to look valuable, be valuable. You’d be surprised at how â€Å"small† things add up by the end of the year.4. Don’t lie or bluff about your accomplishments.Your boss will know if you are over-inflating numbers or making it look like you have a skill you don’t quite have. Be positive about your accomplishments and your skills, and talk them up as much as possible- just don’t feel the need to embellish. You don’t want anyone to question your integrity.5. Treat your review like a re-interview.Instead of letting your boss (or whoever is reviewing you) run through a monologue of your year while you sit quietly and sign the forms at the end, try to make sure it’s a dialogue. If she mentions a particular project, make sure the background and context are clear and that the takeaway- your success- is clear.6.  Turn your mistakes into accomplishments.If you didn’t have a perfect year (and who does?) it doesn’t mean you’ll be disqualified from a raise or that you don’t deserve one. Again, this is a chance to play up your strengths. If something didn’t go well and it comes up in your review, make sure you put some spin on it. Talk about what you learned from the process and how you’ve grown/what you’ve done to fix the issue after the fact.7. Don’t plead poverty.A discussion about a raise is a discussion about your work performance. That’s it. You may very well need the money, but your employer is not obligated to give raises out of pity or because you’re a nice person. Make sure the focus stays on the reasons Professional You deserves mor e compensation. Once you make it personal, you also give more leverage to your employer. If they know you really, really need more money for Fluffington McWhiskers’ plastic surgery, they can try to lowball you because they know you’ll take less than you might be able to negotiate for yourself as part of a neutral, job-data-only presentation.If you start preparing well before you’re scheduled to meet for a review- or if you’ve picked a time during the rest of the year to make your case for a raise- you’re in a great position. If you’ve built a careful and clear case about why you deserve more, you have also created some built-in confidence. All you need to do is cross the finish line, hopefully a little richer than you were before.

Complete List Colleges With No Application Fee(Updated)

Complete List Colleges With No Application Fee(Updated) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Trying to save money on college applications? Good news! There are actually quite a few colleges that allow you to apply for free. In this article, I'll provide some general information about application fees along with a comprehensive list of all the schools that offer free applications. Application Fees at a Glance Most colleges charge application fees in the $40-50 range, but they can sometimes be as high as $90 (looking at you, Stanford).Many top schools charge application fees of $75 or more. To put this in context, suppose you are applying to five different schools. If three have $50 application fees and two have $75 application fees, you'll be spending $300 on applications alone. Then there's the matter of sending your test scores. Sending SAT scores to five schools at $.25 per report will cost you another $56.25, so you're spending over $350 just to send in all the required materials.That’s not small change for most people, so application fees are something you might take into account in your college search process. Fortunately, many schools, even ones that have very high application fees, offer waivers to students with financial need.In order to be eligible for a fee waiver, you will need to meet at least one of the following criteria: You were provided with a fee waiver to take the SAT or ACT You are enrolled in a Free or Reduced Price Lunch Program Your family income falls within the Income Eligibility Guidelines set by the USDA Food and Nutrition Service You’re enrolled in a federal, state or local program that aids students from low-income families Your family receives public assistance You live in federally subsidized housing or a foster home You can request a fee waiver form here.Once you fill out the form, your guidance counselor has to sign it, and then you should mail it to the admissions office of the college you have selected. Alternatively, if you want to avoid paying hundreds of dollars in application fees or going through the process of obtaining a fee waiver, you should consider applying to some of the schools with free applications that are listed in this article. Making Smart Choices With Application Fees If your dream school has a $50 application fee and you’re considering not applying because of the cost, you need to consider the costs versus the long term benefits. Compared to the total cost of attending college, that fee is a drop in the bucket. Over the course of four years, if you plan on attenting a private college, you'll end up paying close to $200,000 on average in total cost. Even for public schools the price tag will be close to $100,000. The fee is a very small part of the overall expenses that come along with attending college. Don’t sacrifice the opportunity to attend a school that’s a perfect fit for you because of an application fee. You'llmost likely end up regretting your decision later. Similarly, you should try not to choose schools that don't fit what you're looking for just because they have lower application fees.If you check out some of the no fee schools that I’ve listed and find that you really like them, then it’s a win-win, but don’t let it influence you too much if there are other fee-charging schools that you think you will really love! Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Colleges That Don’t Require Application Fees (By State) Note that some schools require a fee for paper applications, which I've indicated in the list. If you submit your materials online the fee will be waived. Alabama Huntingdon College Miles College Spring Hill College Alaska Alaska Pacific University Arizona Williams Baptist College Arkansas Arkansas Tech University Henderson State University Hendrix College University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff California Brandman University California College San Diego Deep Springs College Dominican University of California Holy Names University($20 fee for paper application) La Sierra University Menlo College Northwest College Notre Dame de Namur University Pacific Union College University of the Pacific Thomas Aquinas College Colorado Colorado Mountain College Johnson Wales University - Denver Regis University US Air Force Academy Connecticut US Coast Guard Academy University of Hartford($35 fee for paper application) Mitchell College($30 fee for paper application) University of Saint Joseph($30 fee for paper application) Delaware Wesley College Florida Ave Maria University Florida Gateway College Florida Institute of Technology Indian River State College Johnson Wales University - North MiamiPolk State College Saint Leo University Santa Fe College State College of Florida - Manatee-Sarasota Georgia Agnes Scott College Bainbridge College Berry College Oglethorpe University Piedmont College Savannah State University Wesleyan College($30 fee for paper application) Idaho College of Southern Idaho($10 fee for paper application) College of Idaho Illinois Augustana College Aurora University Bradley University Elmhurst College Eureka College Greenville College Illinois College Illinois Institute of Technology Illinois Wesleyan University Lake Forest College Loyola University Chicago McKendree University Millikin University Monmouth College Rockford University Saint Augustine College University of St. Francis Indiana Anderson University Ancilla College Butler University Calumet College of St. Joseph DePauw University Earlham College Franklin College Grace College($30 fee for paper application) Hanover College Holy Cross College Indiana Wesleyan University Manchester University($25 fee for paper application) Purdue University-North Central Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology St. Joseph’s College St. Mary's College Trine University University of Evansville University of Indianapolis Valparaiso University Iowa Buena Vista University Central College Coe College Cornell College($30 fee for paper application) Drake University Graceland University Grand View University Grinnell College Iowa Wesleyan College Loras College Luther College Morningside College Mount Mercy University Northwestern College Simpson College St. Ambrose University Upper Iowa University Wartburg College Kansas Baker University Barclay College Bethany College MidAmerica Nazarene University Sterling College Kentucky Alice Lloyd College Asbury University Berea College Centre College Lindsey Wilson College University of Pikeville Thomas More College Transylvania University Louisiana Centenary College Loyola University New Orleans Tulane University Maine Colby College St. Joseph's College Unity College Maryland Capitol Technology University($25 fee for paper application) Hood College St. John's College Stevenson University($40 fee for paper application) US Naval Academy Washington Adventist University Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Massachusetts Bay Path College Becker College Eastern Nazarene College Emmanuel College($60 fee for paper application) Fisher College($50 fee for paper application) Hampshire College Lasell College($40 fee for paper application) Lesley University MCPHS University Merrimack College Mount Holyoke College($60 fee for paper application) Mount Ida College Newbury College Nichols College Simmons College Smith College Springfield College Wellesley College Wheelock College Michigan Adrian College Albion College Alma College Aquinas College Calvin College College for Creative Studies($10 fee to upload portfolio samples for application) Concordia University University of Detroit Mercy Ferris State University Finlandia University Hillsdale College($30 fee for paper application) Kalamazoo College Kettering University Madonna University Michigan Technological University Northwood University Oakland University Olivet College Siena Heights University Wayne State University Minnesota Augsburg College Bethany Lutheran College Bethel University Carleton College College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Concordia College Gustavus Adolphus College Hamline University Metropolitan State University Saint John’s University Saint Mary's University of Minnesota St. Catherine University St. Olaf College College of St. Scholastica University of St. Thomas Mississippi Alcorn State University Jackson State University Millsaps College Mississippi University for Women Mississippi Valley State University Rust College($10 fee for paper application) Missouri Avila University College of the Ozarks Culver-Stockton College Drury University Fontbonne University Maryville University of St. Louis Northwest Missouri State University Ranken Technical College Rockhurst University Saint Louis University Stephens College Truman State University Westminster College William Jewell College William Woods University Montana Carroll College($35 fee for paper application) University of Great Falls Salish Kootenai College Nebraska Chadron State College Concordia University-Nebraska Creighton University Doane College-Crete Hastings College Midland University Nebraska Wesleyan University Peru State College Union College Wayne State College Nevada Sierra Nevada College New Hampshire Colby-Sawyer College($40 fee for paper applications) Granite State College New England College New Jersey College of Saint Elizabeth Georgian Court University Saint Peter’s University New Mexico Eastern New Mexico University - Main Campus Navajo Technical University Northern New Mexico College St. John's College New York Canisius College Cazenovia College Clarkson University($50 fee for paper applications) D'Youville College Daemen College($25 for paper applications) Davis College Hartwick College Hilbert College Hobart William Smith Colleges Keuka College Le Moyne College($35 fee for paper applications) Medaille College College of Mount Saint Vincent Mount Saint Mary College Nazareth College Niagara University Roberts Wesleyan College Sage College of Albany St. Bonaventure University St. John's University College of New Rochelle College of St. Rose Touro College Union College US Merchant Marine Academy US Military Academy (West Point) North Carolina Barton College Belmont Abbey College Catawba College Guilford College Johnson Wales University - Charlotte University of Mount Olive Queens University of Charlotte Salem College Warren Wilson College North Dakota University of Jamestown Ohio Ashland University Baldwin Wallace University Chatfield College($10 fee for paper application) College of Wooster University of Dayton Defiance College($25 fee for paper application) Denison University($40 fee for paper application) University of Findlay Franciscan University of Steubenville Franklin University Hiram College John Carroll University Kenyon College Lake Erie College($30 fee for paper application) University of Mount Union Notre Dame College Oberlin College Ohio Northern University Ohio Wesleyan University Shawnee State University University of Rio Grande Ursuline College Wilmington College Wittenberg University Xavier University Oklahoma Oklahoma Baptist University Oklahoma Wesleyan University Oregon Concordia University of Portland Eastern Oregon University Lewis Clark College Linfield College-McMinnville Campus Northwest Christian University Reed College Pennsylvania Albright College Allegheny College Arcadia University($30 fee for paper application) Bryn Mawr College($50 fee for paper application) Carlow University Cedar Crest College($35 fee for paper application) Central Pennsylvania College Chatham University Delaware Valley College Elizabethtown College($30 fee for paper application) Gannon University($25 for paper application) Gwynedd-Mercy University($25 for paper application) Immaculata University Juniata College King's College La Roche College La Salle University Lebanon Valley College Lincoln University of Pennsylvania Lycoming College Marywood University($35 fee for paper application) Mercyhurst University Moravian College Neumann University($35 fee for paper application) Point Park University Robert Morris University Rosemont College Saint Francis University University of Scranton University of the Sciences($45 fee for paper application) Susquehanna University Ursinus College Washington Jefferson College($25 fee for paper application) Westminster College Wilson College Rhode Island Johnson Wales University - Providence South Carolina Allen University Coker College Columbia College Columbia International University Converse College Erskine College Limestone College Presbyterian College South Dakota Augustana College University of Sioux Falls($25 fee for paper application) Tennessee Christian Brothers University Freed-Hardeman University Lane College Martin Methodist College Maryville College Rhodes College Sewanee: The University of the South Tusculum College Texas Austin College Baylor University Houston Baptist University Howard Payne University LeTourneau University Saint Edward’s University Southwestern Adventist University Southwestern University St. Mary's University University of St. Thomas University of Houston-Victoria University of Texas-El Paso University of Texas - Rio Grande Valley University of Texas of the Permian Basin Texas Wesleyan University Trinity University($50 fee for paper application) Utah Stevens-Henager College - Murray Vermont Champlain College Green Mountain College($30 fee for paper application) Virginia Averett University Bridgewater College Christendom College($25 fee for paper application) Emory Henry College Hampden-Sydney College($30 fee for paper application) Hollins University Liberty University Lynchburg College($30 fee for paper application) Randolph-Macon College($30 fee for paper application) Randolph College Roanoke College Sweet Briar College Washington Cornish College of the Arts Olympic College Pacific Lutheran University Saint Martin’s University Whitworth University West Virginia Alderson Broaddus University Bethany College Bluefield State College Concord University Davis Elkins College West Liberty University West Virginia University at Parkersburg West Virginia Wesleyan College Wheeling Jesuit University Wisconsin Alverno College Beloit College Cardinal Stritch University Carroll University Lakeland College Marquette University Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design Milwaukee School of Engineering Mount Mary University Northland College St. Norbert College Wisconsin Lutheran College What's Next? The Common Application makes it easy to apply to a bunch of different schools through a single online platform. Find out which colleges use it. Are you worried about standardized tests and their role in your college application? Read this article to find out when these tests might not matter for you.Also take a look at this list of colleges that don't require SAT scores. Everyone knows about the really selective colleges, but what are some colleges that are actually easy to get into? Find out here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The affect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Housing and Urban Development Essay

The affect of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Audits - Essay Example It also called for public company accounting reform and investor protection act 2002. When the accounting scandals of reputed companies are made public, the companies stand to lose the trust of the people. A quasi public agency named as public company accounting oversight board (PCAOB) was established to prevent companies from getting into fraudulent activities. It also helped to conduct proper investigations in this regard. According to this act the public companies must disclose their internal account practices to make public their effectiveness. The independence of the auditor is to be maintained and any listed public company should have an independent audit committee to look over the relations between the auditor and the company. This enabled smoother interactions between the auditors and the companies. As more number of people are involved in the auditing process, any serious disagreement stood the chance of becoming public. The loans taken by directors and executive officers are restricted to prevent the public money from being misused. Previously they used to take money in form of unsecured loans. Public money was at stake as if any loss was reported, recovery of these loans would be difficult. Misuse of public money by the directors could be checked in this way. The reporting of insider trading was made compulsory to protect the interests of share holders. Insider trading was reduced to a large extent by imposing fines along with a sentence of imprisonment for executives who involve in that practice. Along with protecting the investments, provisions were also made to protect the employee's interests. These enabled employees and whistle blowers to file complaints regarding the harassment and dismissals in order to get quicker responses. The auditor's attestation was made mandatory and this made companies to be more responsible and accountable in their account practices and disclosures. The auditor, who attests, will be made responsible for any fraudulent disclosures in the statements, even at future. This makes the financial disclosures accountable. The most important and critical section in the law which makes the disclosure of financial statements responsible is section 404. This section compels the management to establish internal controls in order to make them selves accountable for the details revealed in the financial statements. The companies have to certify that the internal controls were efficient and trouble free. Sarbanes-Oxley Acts relationship and affect on Not-for-profit entities: The provision of restriction of loans to the directors of non profit organisation